{"id":1042,"date":"2023-09-14T01:52:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-13T17:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/?p=1042"},"modified":"2025-09-01T12:07:19","modified_gmt":"2025-09-01T04:07:19","slug":"%e5%8b%95%e7%89%a9%e7%94%a8%e6%8a%97%e7%94%9f%e7%b4%a0%e3%80%81%e8%85%b8%e9%81%93%e8%8f%8c%e8%88%87%e8%82%a5%e8%83%96%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e4%bf%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/post\/1042\/","title":{"rendered":"The relationship between antibiotics, intestinal bacteria and obesity in animals"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u5bbf\u4e3b\u80a5\u80d6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u5c0d\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u5f71\u97ff\u6700\u5287\u70c8\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u6839\u64da Reijnders \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u80a5\u80d6\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u9023\u7e8c\u4e03\u65e5\u53e3\u670d 1500mg vancomycin \u548c amoxicillin\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u7d66\u4e88 vancomycin \u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u76f8\u660e\u986f\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e14\u7cde\u4fbf\u4e2d\u77ed\u93c8\u8102\u80aa\u9178 (short chain fatty acids, SCFAs) \u8207\u4e8c\u7d1a\u81bd\u9178 (bile acids, BAs) \u5728\u7d66\u4e88 vancomycin \u5f8c\u4e5f\u986f\u8457\u4e0b\u964d [1]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cVrieze \u7b49\u4eba\u7d66\u4e88\u4ee3\u8b1d\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u60a3\u8005\u9023\u7e8c\u4e03\u5929\u53e3\u670d 500 mg vancomycin \u548c amoxicillin\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88 vancomycin \u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5728\u8a66\u9a57\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u76f8\u660e\u986f\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e26\u5f71\u97ff\u8178\u9053\u4e2d bile acid hydroxylation \u800c\u4f7f\u8840\u6e05\u4e2d\u4e00\u7d1a\u81bd\u9178\u6fc3\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u900f\u904e\u5f71\u97ff\u809d\u81df FXR \u548c TGR5 \u800c\u4f7f\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\u654f\u611f\u6027\u4e0b\u964d [2]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6587\u737b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u5bbf\u4e3b\u80a5\u80d6\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6539\u8b8a\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u7684\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269-\u77ed\u93c8\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u8207\u81bd\u9178\u3002SCFA\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u5206\u4f48\u65bc\u809d\u81df\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5668 GPR41\/43 (G-protein receptor 41\/43) \u4f86\u8abf\u63a7\u8a72\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d\u65bc\u91a3\u985e\u8207\u53ca\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u4ee3\u8b1d [3-7] \u3002\u800c\u5206\u4f48\u65bc\u8178\u9053\u7684GPR41\/43\u63a5\u53d7\u5230 SCFA \u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u5f8c\u5247\u53ef\u4fc3\u9032\u8178\u6ccc\u7d20 PYY(peptide YY)\u3001GLP-1(glucagon-like peptide-1) \u7684\u5206\u6ccc\uff0c\u800c\u9054\u5230\u6291\u5236\u98df\u617e\u7684\u6548\u679c [8-9] \u3002 \u800c\u81bd\u9178\u5177\u6709\u6578\u7a2e\u63a5\u53d7\u5668\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u809d\u81df\u4e2d\u7684\u81bd\u9178\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8207\u6392\u51fa\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u9760 FXR \u8abf\u63a7 [10-11]\uff0cFXR \u4ea6\u53ef\u63d0\u5347 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)- alpha \u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u809d\u81df\u4e2d\u8102\u80aa\u4ee3\u8b1d [12] \u3002Transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u81bd\u9178\u63a5\u53d7\u5668\uff0cTGR5 \u5206\u4f48\u65bc\u68d5\u8272\u8102\u80aa\u7d44\u7e54\u3001\u808c\u8089\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u53ef\u900f\u904e\u8abf\u7bc0\u68d5\u8272\u8102\u80aa\u53ca\u808c\u8089\u4e2d\u7684 type II iodothyronine deiodinase \u63d0 \u5347\u6d3b\u5316\u578b\u7532\u72c0\u817a\u7d20 Tri-idothyronine (T3) \u6fc3\u5ea6\u9032\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee3\u8b1d [13]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Article14<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u755c\u7267\u696d\u65e9\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4f5c\u70ba\u751f\u9577\u4fc3\u9032\u5291<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u65e9\u5728 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u751f\u9577\u4fc3\u9032\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u4e26\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u755c\u7267\u696d\u4e0a\uff0c\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u751f\u9577\u4fc3\u9032\u5291 (antibiotics growth promoters, AGPs) \u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u6838\u53ef\u65bc\u755c\u7267\u696d\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u975e\u6cbb\u7642\u7528\u9014\u7684\u98fc\u6599\u6dfb\u52a0\u5291\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e9e\u6cbb\u7642\u5291\u91cf (sub-therapeutic dose) \u6295\u8207\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u63d0\u9ad8\u98fc\u6599\u5229\u7528\u7387\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u7272\u755c\u751f\u9577\u901f\u7387\u7684\u7528\u9014 [14]\u3002\u904e\u53bb\u8a8d\u70ba\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u751f\u9577\u4fc3\u9032\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6e1b\u5c11\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u5c11\u8178\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7af6\u722d\u990a\u5206\uff0c\u4e26\u9810\u9632\u7272\u755c\u56e0\u751f\u75c5\u800c\u9020\u6210\u751f\u9577\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0d\u4f73\u7684\u60c5\u5f62 [15]\u3002\u7531\u65bc \u6297\u751f\u7d20\u70ba\u755c\u7267\u696d\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u6548\u76ca\u5341\u5206\u53ef\u89c0\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u7f8e\u570b\u8fb2\u696d\u90e8 2011 \u5e74\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u81ea 2001 \u81f3 2011 \u5e74\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u9593\u92b7\u552e\u7d66\u8089\u54c1\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u662f\u92b7\u552e\u7d66\u91ab\u7642\u9662\u6240\u6cbb\u7642\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u4e09\u500d\uff0c\u4e14\u6709\u9010\u5e74\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u800c\u570b\u5167\u52d5\u7269\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4fc2\u6839\u64da\u52d5\u7269\u7528\u85e5\u4f7f\u7528\u6e96\u5247\u4f5c\u70ba\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u56db\u689d -\u300c\u542b\u85e5\u7269\u98fc\u6599\u6dfb\u52a0\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u898f\u7bc4\u300d\u4ee5\u6b63\u9762\u8868\u5217\u65b9\u5f0f\u5141\u8a31 9 \u7a2e\u6297\u83cc\u5291 (Apramycin, Avilamycin, Bicozamycin, Enramycin, Flavomycin, Nosiheptide, Sulfamethazine, Tiamulin, Tylosin ) \u8207 17 \u6297\u7403\u87f2\u5291 (Amprolium, Clopidol, Cyromazine, Decoquinate, Diclazuril, Ethopabate, Lisalocid, Maduramicin, Monensin, Narasin, Nicarbazin, Ormethoprim, Salinomycin, Semduramicin, Sulfadimethoxine, Sulfaquinoxaline, Zoalene) \u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u7d93\u7378\u91ab\u5e2b\u8655\u65b9\u4e0b\u7531\u98fc\u6599\u5546\u6216\u755c\u7267\u696d\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6838\u51c6\u98fc\u990a\u696d\u8005\u5c07\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6dfb\u52a0\u65bc\u7272\u755c\u98fc\u6599\u4e2d\u4f5c\u70ba\u751f\u9577\u4fc3\u9032\u5291 [16]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e9e\u6cbb\u7642\u5291\u91cf\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\u5bbf\u4e3b\u4ee3\u8b1d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e9e\u6cbb\u7642\u5291\u91cf\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4fc3\u9032\u52d5\u7269\u751f\u9577\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u3002\u6839\u64da Cho \u7b49\u4eba\u767c\u8868\u5728 Nature \u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u525b\u96e2\u4e73\u7684 C57BL\/6J \u5c0f\u9f20\u4e9e\u6cbb\u7642\u5291\u91cf\u6297\u751f\u7d20 (subtherapeutic antibiotic treatment, STAT: penicillin, vancomycin, penicillin+vancomycin, chlortetracycline) \u4ecb\u5165\u4e03\u9031\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u56db\u7d44\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4ecb\u5165\u5f8c\u7686\u4f7f\u9ad4\u8102\u80aa\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4f7f\u8840\u6e05 glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) \u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\u8010\u91cf\u6e2c\u8a66 (oral glucose challenge test, OGTT) \u5247\u986f\u793a STAT \u5c0f\u9f20\u6709\u9ad8\u8840\u7cd6\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5c0f\u9f20\u7cde\u4fbf SCFA \u5206\u6790\uff0cSTAT \u7d44\u5c0f\u9f20 SCFA \u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u809d\u81df\u4e2d\u8102\u80aa\u4ee3\u8b1d\u76f8\u95dc\u57fa\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u5247\u767c\u73fe\u4e09\u9178\u7518\u6cb9\u8102 (triglyceride, TG) \u5408\u6210\u76f8\u95dc\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u662f SCFA \u900f\u904e\u809d\u9580\u975c\u8108\u904b\u9001\u81f3\u809d\u81df\uff0c\u8abf\u63a7\u809d\u81df\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u8102\u80aa\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u5c0f\u9f20\u9ad4\u8102\u80aa\u589e\u52a0 [17]\u3002 \u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7 Cox \u7b49\u4eba\u767c\u8868\u5728 Cell \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8a0e\u751f\u547d\u65e9\u671f\u4ecb\u5165\u4e9e\u6cbb\u7642\u5291\u91cf\u6297\u751f\u7d20 (low-dose penicillin, LDP) \u662f\u5426\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u8102\u98f2\u98df\u9020\u6210\u7684\u80a5\u80d6\u5177\u6709\u52a0\u6210\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5247\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u53ea\u7d66\u4e88\u9ad8\u8102\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\uff0c\u7d66\u4e88\u9ad8\u8102\u98f2\u98df\u52a0 LDP \u7684\u5c0f\u9f20\u9ad4\u8102\u80aa\u986f\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\uff0cLDP \u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u66f4\u4f7f\u9ad8\u8102\u98f2\u98df\u9020\u6210\u7684\u809d\u81df\u8102\u80aa\u6d78\u6f64\u60c5\u5f62\u66f4\u70ba\u56b4\u91cd\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5927\u5e45\u6539\u8b8a\u809d \u81df\u4ee3\u8b1d\u8207\u514d\u75ab\u76f8\u95dc\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8ff4\u8178\u57fa\u56e0\u5206\u6790\u7d50\u679c\u5247\u986f\u793a LDP \u4ea6\u6703\u964d\u4f4e\u8178\u9053\u4e2d\u6291\u83cc\u80dc\u80bd (antimicrobial peptides) \u8207 T \u7d30\u80de\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u70ba\u8b49\u5be6\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u662f\u5426\u70ba\u9020\u6210 LDP \u5c0f\u9f20\u4ee3\u8b1d\u53ca\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u80fd\u5931\u8abf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07 LDP \u5c0f\u9f20\u7684\u53ca\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\u5c0f\u9f20\u7684\u7cde\u4fbf\u4ee5\u7cde\u83cc\u79fb\u690d (fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT) \u65b9\u5f0f\u7d66\u4e88\u7121\u83cc\u9f20 (germ free receptor)\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7 LDP \u5c0f\u9f20\u7cde\u4fbf\u7684 germ free receptor \u7cde\u4fbf\u83cc\u76f8\u7d44\u6210\u5728 FMT \u5f8c\u4e0d\u4f46\u8207 LDP \u5c0f\u9f20\u8fd1\u8da8\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9ad4\u8102\u80aa\u4e5f\u986f\u8457\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u8178\u9053\u514d\u75ab\u76f8\u95dc\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u73fe\u4e5f\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u6291\u5236\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u3002\u6b64\u7d50\u679c\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u4e9e\u6cbb\u7642\u5291\u91cf\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u76f8\u5373\u70ba\u8abf\u63a7\u5bbf\u4e3b\u4ee3 \u8b1d\u53ca\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u56e0\u5b50 [18]\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u570b\u969b\u9593\u5c0d\u65bc\u98df\u54c1\u6dfb\u52a0\u7269\u6216\u6b98\u7559\u7269\u7684\u8a02\u5b9a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u800c\u570b\u5167\u5916\u5c0d\u65bc\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u751f\u9577\u4fc3\u9032\u5291 \u5728\u755c\u7267\u696d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u63a7\u7ba1\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5728\u7272\u755c\u5c60\u5bb0\u5f8c\u81f3\u5e02\u5834\u8ca9\u552e\u7d66\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u93c8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u6700\u9ad8\u5bb9\u8a31\u6b98\u7559\u91cf (maximal resudue limit, MRL) \u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c0d\u8089\u54c1\u5b89\u5168 \u9032\u884c\u628a\u95dc\u3002MRL \u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6839\u64da\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u52d5\u7269\u6bd2\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u672a\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u6bd2\u6027\u4e4b\u6700\u9ad8\u5291\u91cf (no-observed adverse effect level, NOAEL) \u9664\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u5b89\u5168\u4fc2\u6578 100 (10X10= \u500b\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570 X \u7269\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570 ) \u5f8c\u5f97\u5230\u6bcf\u65e5\u5bb9\u8a31\u651d\u53d6\u91cf (acceptable daily intake, ADI)\uff0c\u518d\u6839\u64da\u5404\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u98f2\u98df\u8abf\u67e5\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f30\u7b97\u98f2\u98df\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u5f9e\u5404\u7a2e\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u5403\u5230\u67d0\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u7e3d\u91cf\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u67d0\u7269\u8cea\u65bc\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u67d0\u7269\u8cea\u6b98\u7559\u9650\u91cf\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u800c\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u6bcf\u4eba\u6bcf\u65e5\u651d\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u91cf (theoretical maximum daily intake, TMDI) \u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u67d0\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u81b3\u98df\u66dd\u9732\u91cf\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u70ba\u5c07\u67d0\u7269\u8cea\u5728\u6bcf\u7a2e\u98df\u6750\u7684 MRL \u5404\u5b57\u4e58\u4e0a\u98df\u6750\u4e4b\u5e73\u5747\u651d\u98df\u91cf\u5f8c\u5c07\u4e4b\u52a0\u7e3d\uff0c \u5373\u70ba\u67d0\u7269\u8cea\u4e4b\u81b3\u98df\u66dd\u9732\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c TMDI \u5fc5\u9808\u5c0f\u65bc ADI (TMDI \u5e38\u4ee5 % of ADI \u8868\u793a )\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u98f2\u98df\u4e2d\u67d0\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6b98\u7559\u4e0d\u6703\u5c0d\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u570b\u969b\u8fb2\u7ce7\u7d44\u7e54 \/ \u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\u4e4b\u98df\u54c1\u6dfb\u52a0\u7269\u5c08\u5bb6\u59d4\u54e1\u6703 (Joint FAO\/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, FAO\/WHO JECFA) \u7684\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u52d5\u7269\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684 TMDI \u70ba ADI \u7684 80% \u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u904e 100% ( \u5982 erythromycin \u7684 TMDI=130% of ADI) [19]\u3002\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u55ae\u4e00\u7a2e\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u98f2\u98df\u66dd\u9732\u91cf\u5f88\u4f4e\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u91cf\u5230\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6b98\u7559\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7a2e\u985e\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6bcf\u7a2e\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5c0d\u65bc\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u5426\u53c8\u6703\u6709\u52a0\u4e58\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u9a57 \u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Article14<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5716\u4e00 LDP \u900f\u904e\u6539\u8b8a\u5c0f\u9f20\u8178\u9053\u83cc\u76f8\u800c\u4f7f\u5c0f\u9f20\u9ad4\u8102\u80aa\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u7121\u83cc\u9f20\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u9a57\u8b49<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Article14<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u5716\u4e8c \u98df\u54c1\u6dfb\u52a0\u7269\u3001\u6b98\u7559\u7269\u4e4b\u5b89\u5168\u8a55\u4f30\u8207\u9650\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u8a02\u5b9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Article14<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u8868\u4e00 \u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1aTylosin \u7684 TMDI \u8a08\u7b97<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u52d5\u7269\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u6f5b\u5728\u98df\u5b89\u554f\u984c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u570b\u5167\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9632\u7bc4\u98df\u5b89\u554f\u984c\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u91cd\u8981\u8ab2\u984c\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u4e0d\u65b7\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u8a0e\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u7d66\u5bbf\u4e3b\u5065\u5eb7\u5e36\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u8457\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\u4f9d\u64da\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u52d5\u7269\u7528\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u8b70\u984c\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u5011\u9577\u671f\u98df\u7528\u8089\u54c1\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u4e2d\u6b98\u7559\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u9650\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u5236\u8a02\u8207\u4f9d\u64da\u662f\u5426\u8003\u616e\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u5b89\u5168\u300d\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\u662f\u5426\u9084\u9700\u8003\u91cf\u5230\u8207\u80a5\u80d6\u53ca\u4ee3\u8b1d\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u7b49\u6162\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u6216\u8a31\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u7684\u8b8a\u9077\u4f86\u91cd\u65b0\u5546\u69b7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\uff1a\u9673\u67d4\u5b89 \/ \u96f7\u6587\u864e\u514b\u751f\u7269\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u54e1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u539f\u6587\u520a\u8f09\u65bc\u6d88\u5316\u7cfb\u91ab\u5b78\u6703\u7b2c44\u5c46\u6559\u80b2\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u8b1b\u7fa9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
    \n
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  2. Anne Vrieze, Carolien Out, Susana Fuentes, et al. Impact of oral vancomycin on gut microbiota, bile acid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. Journal of Hepatology 2014<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Al-Lahham SH, Roelofsen H, Priebe M, et al. Regulation of adipokine production in human adipose tissue by propionic acid. Eur J Clin Invest 2010 May;40(5):401-7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Brown AJ, Goldsworthy SM, Barnes AA, et al. The Orphan G protein coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids. J Biol Chem 2003 Mar 28;278(13):11312-9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Fushimi T, Tayama K, Fukaya M, et al. Acetic acid feeding enhances glycogen repletion in liver and skeletal muscle of rats. J Nutr 2001 Jul;131(7):1973-7.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. Bonini JA, Anderson SM, Steiner DF. Molecular cloning and tissue expression of a novel orphan G protein-coupled receptor from rat lung. Biochem. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 May 8;234(1):190-3.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Canfora EE, Jocken JW, Blaak EE. Short-chain fatty acids in control of body weight and insulin sensitivity. Nat Rev. Endocrinol. 2015 Oct;11(10):577-91.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Wichmann A, Allahyar A, Greiner TU, et al. Microbial modulation of energy availability in the colon regulates intestinal transit. Cell Host Microbe 2013 Nov 13;14(5):582-90.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Lihong Jiang, Barbara Irene Gulanski, Henk M. De Feyter, et al. Increased brain uptake and oxidation of acetate in heavy drinkers. J Clin Invest 2013 Apr 1; 123(4): 1605\u20131614.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Goodwin B, Jones SA, Price RR, et al. A regulatory cascade of the nuclear receptors FXR, SHP-1, and LRH-1 represses bile acid biosynthesis. Mol Cell 2000 Sep;6(3):517-26.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Boyer JL, Trauner M, Mennone A, et al. Upregulation of a basolateral FXR dependent bile acid efflux transporter OST\u03b1- OST\u03b2 in cholestasis in humans and rodents. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2006 Jun;290(6):G1124-30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Claudel T1, Staels B, Kuipers F. The Farnesoid X receptor: a molecular link between bile acid and lipid and glucose metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005 Oct;25(10):2020-30.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Zietak M, Kozak LP. Bile acids induce uncoupling protein 1-dependent thermogenesis and stimulate energy expenditure at thermoneutrality in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016 Mar 1;310(5):E346-54.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Dibner JJ, Richards JD. Richards. Antibiotic Growth Promoters in Agriculture: History and Mode of Action. Poult Sci 2005 Apr;84(4):634- 43.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Brown K, Uwiera RRE, Kalmokoff ML, et al. Antimicrobial growth p r o m o t e r u s e i n l i v e s t o c k : a requirement to understand their modes of action to develop effective alternatives. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017 Jan;49(1):12-24.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. \u52d5\u7269\u7528\u85e5\u4f7f\u7528\u6e96\u5247 \u542b\u85e5\u7269\u98fc\u6599\u6dfb\u52a0 \u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u898f\u7bc4<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Cho I, Yamanishi S, Cox L, et al. Antibiotics in early life alter the murine colonic microbiome and adiposity. Nature 2012 Aug 30;488(7413):621-6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Cox LM, Yamanishi S, Sohn J, et al. Altering the intestinal microbiota during a critical developmental window has lasting metabolic consequences. Cell 2014 Aug 14;158(4):705-721.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. JECFA database (http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ food-additives-contaminants-jecfa database \/Search.aspx)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Wang H, Wang N, Wang B, et al. Antibiotics detected in urines a n d a d i p o g e n e s i s i n s c h o o l children. Environ Int. 2016 Apr May;89-90:204-11.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. Wang H, Wang N, Wang B, et al. Antibiotics in Drinking Water in Shanghai and Their Contribution to Antibiotic Exposure of School Children. Environ Sci Technol. 2016 Mar 1;50(5):2692-9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Wang H, Ren L, Yu X, et al. Antibiotic residues in meat, milk and aquatic products in Shanghai and human exposure assessment. Food Control 2017 Oct P217-225<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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