{"id":201,"date":"2024-04-12T13:58:39","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T05:58:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/?page_id=201"},"modified":"2025-04-22T11:35:22","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T03:35:22","slug":"technology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Our Key Technologies"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"201\" class=\"elementor elementor-201\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a28dbd e-con-full insideBanner e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8a28dbd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77aa647 animated-slow e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"77aa647\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInDown&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56900b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"56900b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f36f01a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f36f01a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our Key Technologies<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae68bb elementor-widget-divider--view-line_icon elementor-view-default elementor-widget-divider--element-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7ae68bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon elementor-divider__element\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dna\" viewbox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M.1 494.1c-1.1 9.5 6.3 17.8 15.9 17.8l32.3.1c8.1 0 14.9-5.9 16-13.9.7-4.9 1.8-11.1 3.4-18.1H380c1.6 6.9 2.9 13.2 3.5 18.1 1.1 8 7.9 14 16 13.9l32.3-.1c9.6 0 17.1-8.3 15.9-17.8-4.6-37.9-25.6-129-118.9-207.7-17.6 12.4-37.1 24.2-58.5 35.4 6.2 4.6 11.4 9.4 17 14.2H159.7c21.3-18.1 47-35.6 78.7-51.4C410.5 199.1 442.1 65.8 447.9 17.9 449 8.4 441.6.1 432 .1L399.6 0c-8.1 0-14.9 5.9-16 13.9-.7 4.9-1.8 11.1-3.4 18.1H67.8c-1.6-7-2.7-13.1-3.4-18.1-1.1-8-7.9-14-16-13.9L16.1.1C6.5.1-1 8.4.1 17.9 5.3 60.8 31.4 171.8 160 256 31.5 340.2 5.3 451.2.1 494.1zM224 219.6c-25.1-13.7-46.4-28.4-64.3-43.6h128.5c-17.8 15.2-39.1 30-64.2 43.6zM355.1 96c-5.8 10.4-12.8 21.1-21 32H114c-8.3-10.9-15.3-21.6-21-32h262.1zM92.9 416c5.8-10.4 12.8-21.1 21-32h219.4c8.3 10.9 15.4 21.6 21.2 32H92.9z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-883c420 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"883c420\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e781b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6e781b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">At Leeuwenhoek Laboratories, our three core laboratories work in synergy to explore the complex interactions between intestinal microorganisms and the host. By uncovering the underlying biological mechanisms, we aim to develop innovative products that support and improve host health.\n\nThrough a combination of in vitro culturing, gnotobiotic mouse colonization, and metabolomic analysis, we provide a comprehensive approach to understanding microbial functions and their impact on physiology.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-08ea951 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"08ea951\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-866e665 animated-slow e-flex e-con-boxed elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"866e665\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f642592 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f642592\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56a8196 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"56a8196\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"938\" height=\"469\" src=\"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/molecularFormula-lg.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-788\" alt=\"Molecularformula Lg\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ed2f53 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2ed2f53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc844e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cc844e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metabolomics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0fa308e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0fa308e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Metabolomics is the comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites within biological systems, aiming to uncover how organisms respond to physiological, pathological, genetic, or environmental changes.\n\nAmong the various omics fields\u2014genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics\u2014metabolomics is the closest layer to the actual phenotype, offering a real-time snapshot of the body's functional state\n\nThe core value of metabolomics lies in its ability to decode physiological changes through molecular structures and identify biomarkers associated with disease. These insights provide a powerful foundation for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and prediction in the era of precision medicine.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd8c5b0 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"dd8c5b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/metabolomics\/\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Explore More<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2cc1d3f e-con-full animated-slow e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2cc1d3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;slideInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0925c88 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0925c88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a69c37c elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"a69c37c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=ljXtYEiwHDo&quot;,&quot;yt_privacy&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2dd576 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d2dd576\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce5da36 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ce5da36\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3d852a e-con-full animated-slow e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f3d852a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInLeft&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2857cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d2857cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"959\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/microscope_technology.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-820\" alt=\"Microscope Technology\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ecbd888 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ecbd888\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96da4a1 e-con-full animated-slow e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-child\" data-id=\"96da4a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeInRight&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb0ca87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb0ca87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Culturomics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c93d8d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c93d8d0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our Next-Generation Probiotics Laboratory focuses on the isolation, purification, identification, and preservation of human gut microorganisms. Equipped with advanced facilities for handling strict anaerobes, and backed by extensive hands-on experience, the lab specializes in cultivating gut bacteria that are difficult to culture using traditional methods.\n\nBy integrating microbial culturing with metagenomic data analysis, we isolate and characterize health-promoting anaerobes\u2014often referred to as next-generation probiotics\u2014and build whole-genome sequence databases for selected strains. In addition, we have established a gut microbiota biobank from healthy local donors, along with a corresponding proteomic profile database.\n\nThese efforts form a crucial foundation for the development of next-generation probiotics aimed at preventing or treating human diseases.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64a75af e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"64a75af\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a6b2bc e-con-full animated-slow e-flex elementor-invisible e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6a6b2bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e64357 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1e64357\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-846170c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"846170c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-805b308 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"805b308\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1041\" height=\"376\" src=\"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/mouse.webp\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-787\" alt=\"Mouse\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82401a9 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-absolute elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"82401a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>3<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7594acd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7594acd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Germ-Free &amp; Gnotobiotic Mouse Models<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24a3b3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24a3b3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Germ-free (GF) mice are powerful tools for studying host\u2013microbe interactions. By introducing specific microbes or defined microbial communities into the gut of germ-free mice, researchers can establish gnotobiotic mouse models, including human microbiota-associated (HMA) mice, which are colonized with microbial communities derived from human donors.\n\nCompared to conventional laboratory mice, germ-free mice offer a unique advantage\u2014they eliminate interference from the host\u2019s native microbiota. This enables precise investigation into how specific gut microbes or microbial consortia influence host physiology, health, and disease phenotypes.\n<br><br>\nGerm-free mice also serve as an effective drug screening platform for evaluating the activity of small molecules and biotherapeutics that target the gut microbiota. The rearing and handling of both germ-free and gnotobiotic mice must be conducted under strictly sterile conditions. At Leeuwenhoek, our Bacterial Therapy Laboratory operate a fully equipped germ-free animal facility, supported by skilled technicians and rigorous microbial monitoring protocols, enabling the stable maintenance and manipulation of germ-free C57BL\/6 mice. We provide end-to-end solutions, including microbiota transplantation into germ-free mice, sterile handling and experimentation with both germ-free and gnotobiotic models, as well as customized gnotobiotic services tailored to specific research objectives.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a420cbe elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"a420cbe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=ljXtYEiwHDo&quot;,&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-video\"><\/div>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6280\u8853\u4ecb\u7d39 \u5229\u7528\u96f7\u6587\u864e\u514b\u6240\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e4b\u4e09\u5927\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u89e3\u6790\u8178\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u8207\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e26\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u7269\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u958b\u767c\u6539\u5584\u5bbf\u4e3b\u5065 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":820,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-201","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"blocksy_meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/201","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=201"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/201\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lwhklab.com.tw\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}